Tuft cells, which are identified by the expression of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), comprise a minor fraction of small intestinal epithelial cells ( 17– 19) and are putative quiescent stem cells ( 20). In the gut, TRPM5 and other canonical taste-chemosensory components are predominantly expressed by an intestinal epithelial subset called tuft cells ( 16). The disruption of either gustducin or TRPM5 can perturb physiological responses to P. Many taste-chemosensory GPCRs require the taste-specific G protein subunit gustducin and the cation channel TRPM5 to transduce their signals ( 7, 9). For example, microbially produced short-chain fatty acids are sensed via GPR41 and GPR43 ( 5, 6), and sinonasal epithelial cells can detect the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a taste-chemosensory GPCR ( 7– 12). Beyond pattern recognition receptors, hosts monitor and respond to the microbiota via heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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